Combination wood preservative and stain



Patented Oct. 3, 1939 EATENT OFFICE COMBINATION WOOD' PRESERVATIVE AND STAIN Percy L. Gardner, Patrick, S. C.

No Drawing. Application June 7, 1937,

Serial No. 146,961

1 Claim.

This invention relates to a combination wood preservative and stain.

Some of the objects of this invention are to provide a combination wood preservative and stain having very great penetrating powers; which is capable of giving many variations in shade while still preserving the natural grain appearance of the wood to which it may be applied; which will act as a wood filler; and which after drying will leave a coating film upon the surface of the material to which applied.

lhe foregoing objects and others which will appear from the following specifications are attained by the hereinafter described combinations of material obtained from the pine tree.

To attain the foregoing objects the oils and resinous products of the long leaf pine tree are utilized. These products are obtained from the sap wood of the living tree and from the resinous heart wood of the dead tree.

Crude gum is obtained by tapping the living tree and this crude gum is then distilled into the component materials of turpentine and resin. Crude pine tar is extracted from the resinous heart wood of the dead tree, by subjecting the wood to the application of heat by the earthen kiln process. This process yields a crude pine tar known as old process kiln-burnt pine tar. This crude pine tar is subsequently purified and dehydrated by subjecting it to low distilling temperatures. In this purifying and dehydrating process the relatively very highly solvent and penetrating pine oil is vaporized, separated and coliected for the use herein described. This oil is liberated from the pine tar beginning at the relatively low temperature of about 210 degrees F. and continuing up to about 250 degrees F. This oil is obtained appreciably below the distillation temperatures of the commonly known commercial pine oils which are obtained by distillation at temperatures of a much higher range.

A basic combination of these materials as contemplated by this invention includes a mixture of crude gum obtained from the living tree, and of the low temperature pine oil and pine tar obtained from the resinous heart wood of the dead tree, combined in proportions, varied to obtain varying shades from light to dark stain effects and varying consistencies from very fluid to relatively heavy body or consistency. The consistency of the composition is controlled by the proportion of resin or crude gum and pine tar used in relation to the percentage of the solvent pine oil and turpentine used in the compositions. Tne shades from dark to light are controlled by the percentage of tar and a clear product obtained by eliminating the pine tar entirely. In making the clear product the amount of gum must be increased to compensate for the quantity of tar eliminated.

It is also contemplated by this invention that the product be made from pine oil and pine tar and from derivatives of crude gum such as resin and turpentine.

It will be appreciated that the composition is made preferably from the products of the long leaf pine trees alone, using especially the relatively highly solvent and penetrating pine oil distilled from kiln made pine tar at the low distilling temperatures previously stated. The oils separated from pine tar by distillation at higher temperatures may be used when the low temperature oil is not available but the higher temperature oils are not as highly solvent and therefore not as effective a penetrating agent to carry the heavy resinous materials into the Wood to fill and seal the pores and load the soft fibrous wood with it. Pine tar made by the retort process may be substituted for kiln tar provided it contains substantially the same constituents as are found in the kiln made tar.

Specific proportions are not set forth for the reason that so long as these elemental materials are combined together a wide range of compositions can be obtained which are merely the work ing results of this invention and which are equally contemplated as within its scope. Although the specific proportions are not set forth because they can be greatly varied, examples are here given. To compose a heavy consistency preservative with a medium dark stain and a varnish film coating to seal the surface of the wood to which applied, about five parts medium bright crude pine gum are mixed with about nine parts of solvent pine oil and about seven parts of pine tar.

Four parts of H grade resin and one part turpentine may be substituted for the crude pine gum. To compose a heavy consistency clear preservative possessing no stain effect and which after filling the pores a depth below the surface and drying will leave a thin flexible varnish film to seal the surface of the wood to which applied and preserve the natural wood color, about ten parts virgin or clear crude pine gum, are mixed with about three parts turpentine and about eight parts of solvent pine oil. Eight parts of white resin and three parts of turpentine may be substituted for the crude pine gum.

One of the merits of this invention is that the elemental materials may be mixed in varying proportions to produce varying shade effects to match the varying colors and grains of wood and preserve and amplify them, thereby producing a very desirable ornamental effect. Another merit is that the elemental materials can be mixed in varying proportions to produce a wood preservative varying in consistency from very fluid to very heavy or viscuous, by which variation the quantity of resinous elements or body materials in the preservative can be so regulated and fitted to the needs of the various kinds of hard and soft Wood, according to their porosity.

The composition herein described is a highly penetrating material and an effective wood preservative. The highly solvent pine oil while holding the resinous ingredients-crude pine gum, pine tar and resin-in high solution, carries them into the wood, fills the pores and loads the soft fibrous Wood below the exterior surface. The depth depends upon the quantity applied and the porosity of the wood. When the oils are absorbed by the wood and the resinous materials are freed from its solvent action, they solidify and become permanently incorporated in the pores and fiber of the wood, much like they are in their natural state in the dead wood of the long leaf pine before they are extracted from it. In fact this invention might be considered as an effort to transfer from the long leaf pine and its heart wood the oils and resinous materials that make it a most durable wood, to the open grained and soft fibered woods from which lumber, building and construction materials are largely made. Also to seal and incorporate them in these less durable wood materials and in as near their natural condition and proportions as possible 1 their own most solvent and penetrating eleme and without the use of heat or pressure.

The composition penetrates according to tl quantity applied and the porosity of the wor and the resinous materials in excess of the c; pacity of the wood to absorb is deposited 0v the outer surface of the wood as a flexible va nish film, thereby interposing a double defen against moisture absorption and decay.

The composition is free from sediment Wht made of cleaned or refined materials, will rema in suspension, will not separate and requires 1 stirring before using. It acts as a wood filler primer for ordinary paints, varnishes, lacque and shellacs and these may be applied over it.

It is preferable that the long leaf pine oils a1 resinous materials used in these compositions 1 produced by the processes described herein, y the same materials produced by any other pro ess which leaves their constituent elements tl same may be substituted.

This composition is not claimed to be 2 insecticide, but it is an insect detergent and ther fore protects llunber and woods to which it applied against termites and other insect darnag What I claim is:

A highly penetrative liquid wood preservati and stain consisting of the following ingredien in the following proportions: five parts cru pine gum, seven parts of dehydrated pine oil fr tar, and nine parts of temperature distilled pii oil as a penetrating solvent for the tar and gul PERCY L. GARDNER. 

